Seven things that change how US intelligence is built
Each of these breaks a model built for a single national market.
There is no US labor market, only metros
New York, the Bay Area, Seattle, Austin, Boston, Chicago, Atlanta, Denver and Research Triangle behave as separate markets on supply, pay and attrition. A national median for a software engineer is an average of populations that do not compete with each other. We size and cost every population at metro level, using the Census and BLS metropolitan statistical area definitions so the boundaries are reproducible.
Base salary is a minority of senior pay
In technology, biotech and financial services, restricted stock, options and performance bonus can exceed base. Benchmarking base alone produces offers that lose. We reconstruct total compensation — base, target bonus, equity value at a stated assumption, and the refresh or vesting pattern — and we state the assumptions rather than hiding them in a single number.
Employer burden is large and varies by state
FICA, federal and state unemployment insurance, workers’ compensation and the employer share of health insurance add a substantial and state-variable amount to every US salary. A cost model that omits them will understate a US team by a wide margin, which is exactly the error that sinks a location business case.
Pay transparency law is now a research constraint
A growing group of states and cities — including California, Colorado, New York, Washington, Illinois, Minnesota, Maryland and New Jersey — require pay ranges in job postings, and several restrict asking about salary history. That changes both what you may ask a candidate and, usefully, what the market publishes. We treat posted ranges as evidence and we scope research to the rules of the jurisdiction. Our state-by-state guide sets out the detail.
Remote work redrew the catchment lines
A role posted as remote draws from a national pool at a national price; a role posted as hybrid in a named metro draws from a commute. Those are different populations with different cost curves, and the difference is frequently the whole business case. We size both and show the trade-off rather than assuming one.
Visa status is part of supply, not an afterthought
In AI, semiconductors, quantitative finance and parts of biotech, a meaningful share of the qualified population is on a temporary work authorization. Sponsorship capacity, transfer timing and lottery exposure materially change how reachable a pool is, so we report it as a supply variable where the mandate makes it relevant.
US privacy law is a patchwork, not a single regime
There is no single federal privacy statute covering this work. California’s CCPA as amended by the CPRA covers employee and applicant data, and a growing number of states have their own comprehensive laws. We scope collection to the jurisdictions in play, limit data to what the agreed scope requires, and document the source of every field so your counsel can review it.
What we deliver in United States
Seven modules, scoped to the decision rather than sold as a package.
Labour market sizing
How many people in the US can genuinely do the work — not how many hold a similar job title. We define the population on capability, size it against official statistics, then verify the current picture by primary research.
Reported with the definition visible, so you can see exactly what was counted and challenge it.
Competitor workforce analysis
A named competitor’s function reconstructed layer by layer: approximate headcount, reporting structure, where it sits in the US, what is held in-house versus outsourced, tenure, attrition and where leavers go.
Built from lawful sources and primary research. We do not approach a competitor’s staff under a pretext.
Compensation intelligence
Pay reconstructed into its us components rather than quoted as one number, so an offer can be built to land correctly rather than to match a headline.
Every figure is labelled with its basis, its source and the date it was collected.
Location and footprint analysis
Candidate locations compared on qualified supply, competitor saturation, fully-loaded cost, attrition pressure and the real commuting or relocation catchment — not the administrative boundary.
The output ranks the options on evidence and states the risks in each, including the ones that argue against the option you were leaning towards.
Skills and capability supply
Where a specific capability actually exists in the US, how fast the pool is growing or shrinking, which employers are building it, and what the realistic lead time is to acquire or develop it.
This is the module that most often changes a build-versus-buy decision.
Organisation design evidence
Comparator structures for the function you are designing: spans, layers, where capability is centralised and where it sits in the business, with named comparators rather than a generic benchmark.
Diversity and representation benchmarking
Aggregate representation across the us population you are hiring from, so a target can be set against the market that exists rather than an aspiration.
Reported at population level only. We do not flag characteristics against named individuals, and we do not infer them.
Most engagements use three or four of these modules rather than all seven. The scoping call establishes which questions you actually need answered, and the written scope says what is in and what is deliberately out.
Pay and labour cost in United States
A benchmark that does not state its basis is not a benchmark.
| Component | Why it changes the answer | How we report it |
|---|---|---|
| Base salary | The published figure, and the least useful one in isolation at senior level | Median and quartiles, by metro and level, anchored to BLS OEWS |
| Target bonus | Ranges from near zero in parts of the public and non-profit sector to multiples of base in finance | Target and evidenced actual, separated from guaranteed cash |
| Equity | At senior technology and biotech levels this is frequently the largest component | Grant value, vesting schedule and refresh pattern, with the valuation assumption stated |
| Employer burden | FICA, unemployment insurance, workers’ compensation and health premium vary by state | Modeled into fully-loaded cost per metro, with the rate basis shown |
| Posted ranges | Where transparency law applies, employers publish ranges you can verify | Collected as primary evidence and compared against what offers actually close at |
| Location policy | Whether an employer pays national, tiered or local rates decides who you are competing with | Recorded per competitor, because it is often the decisive variable |
Regional and city markets in United States
We report by market, not by national average.
| Metro | What concentrates there | Intelligence note |
|---|---|---|
| New York & New Jersey | Financial services, media, advertising, legal, healthcare systems, a large and growing engineering base | Deepest market for regulated finance talent; highest loaded cost outside the Bay Area |
| San Francisco Bay Area | Software, AI research, semiconductors, venture-backed leadership, biotech in the East Bay and Peninsula | Equity-dominant packages; base-only benchmarks fail here more than anywhere |
| Seattle | Cloud, devices, logistics technology, gaming, applied science | A small number of very large employers shapes the whole wage curve |
| Boston | Biotech, pharma, medical devices, robotics, higher education, asset management | The deepest US life-sciences pool; academic-to-industry flow is a real supply channel |
| Austin & Texas triangle | Semiconductors, enterprise software, energy technology, corporate relocations | The most common cost-arbitrage answer to the Bay Area; supply has tightened faster than most models assume |
| Chicago & the Midwest | Trading and market making, insurance, manufacturing, logistics, consumer | Strong quantitative and operations supply at materially lower loaded cost |
| Research Triangle & Southeast | Pharma and CRO, analytics, banking operations in Charlotte, fintech in Atlanta | University pipeline is a genuine supply source rather than a claim |
| Denver, Salt Lake & Mountain West | Aerospace, cyber security, outdoor and consumer brands, fintech | Favourable supply-to-cost ratio; smaller senior bench than the headline suggests |
Sectors we cover in United States
Deepest where the research is hardest and the stakes are highest.
- Technology and AI — software, infrastructure, machine learning, applied research, security and product. See our US AI talent market analysis.
- Life sciences and healthcare — biotech, pharma, devices, CRO, payer and provider systems, clinical and regulatory. See US healthcare talent mapping.
- Financial services — banking, asset management, insurance, trading, fintech, risk and compliance.
- Industrial, aerospace and defense — including cleared populations where clearance status is the binding supply constraint.
- Semiconductors and hardware — design, process, packaging and the fab-adjacent engineering base.
- Energy and climate technology — renewables, storage, grid, nuclear and the capital projects behind them.
- Consumer, retail and logistics — commercial, supply chain, e-commerce and network operations.
US privacy law and what may be recorded
The United States has no single federal privacy statute covering professional research of this kind. California’s Consumer Privacy Act, as amended by the Privacy Rights Act, extends to employee and applicant data, and a growing number of states have enacted their own comprehensive privacy laws with differing definitions and rights.
We scope collection to the jurisdictions actually in play, limit data to professional information relevant to the agreed scope, record the source of every field and transfer the deliverable securely. Where a client’s counsel wants the methodology reviewed before work starts, we provide it in writing.
Separately, pay-transparency and salary-history rules change what may be asked of a candidate in many states and cities. We design research so that nothing in the process puts a client on the wrong side of those rules, and we flag where a jurisdiction’s position differs from the one the client is used to.
How a us project actually runs
Seven stages, with a written scope before any fieldwork begins.
Define the decision, not just the role
- What we establish
- The decision the research has to support, who will take it, what evidence would change it, and what is already believed but unverified.
- Why it matters
- A study scoped to a job title answers a smaller question than the one you are actually facing, and usually the wrong one.
Agree the market definition in writing
- What we establish
- Geography, employer set, levels, capability definition, language requirement where relevant, and the explicit exclusions.
- Why it matters
- Every number in the final report depends on this definition. It is written down and signed off before fieldwork starts, so no figure is later contested on scope.
Frame the population from official sources
- What we establish
- The statistical frame for the US — official labour market data, company registers and published filings.
- Why it matters
- Public data gives a defensible frame and shows where the gaps are. It does not give a current picture, which is what the next stage is for.
Research the market directly
- What we establish
- Named employers, structures, populations and movement, built by analysts researching the us market itself rather than querying a database.
- Why it matters
- This is where the value is. Filings lag, profiles go stale and aggregated products inherit both.
Verify, cross-check and remove noise
- What we establish
- Each material data point corroborated against a second source, with confidence recorded where corroboration was not possible.
- Why it matters
- An unverified dataset is a liability dressed as an asset. We would rather hand over a smaller population we can stand behind.
Analyse into a decision
- What we establish
- What the pattern means for your decision, what it rules out, what it cannot tell you, and what we would do next in your position.
- Why it matters
- Data is not intelligence until someone has interpreted it against the question. That interpretation is the deliverable.
Deliver, walk through and hand over
- What we establish
- A written analysis, the structured dataset behind it and a working session with the analyst who built it.
- Why it matters
- You own all of it permanently — including the right to re-use it, load it into your own systems and refresh it with anyone you choose.
Talent intelligence, talent mapping and intelligence software
The three are routinely confused, and they are bought for different reasons.
| Talent intelligence (this page) | Talent mapping | Intelligence software | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Starts from | A business decision | A role or a population | A standing data model |
| Answers | Should we, where, at what cost, against whom | Who could do this, and are they reachable | What do aggregate trends look like |
| Data origin | Primary research, verified per field | Primary research, verified per field | Modelled from profiles and postings |
| Freshness | Collected for your question on a stated date | Collected for your question on a stated date | As fresh as the underlying sources, which varies |
| Depth on a named competitor | High — structure reconstructed and corroborated | High, for the population in scope | Low to moderate; inferred rather than verified |
| Breadth | Scoped deliberately | Scoped deliberately | Very broad |
| Output | Written analysis plus dataset | Named population plus analysis | Dashboard and exports |
| Commercial model | Fixed project fee | Fixed project fee | Annual licence per seat |
| Best for | Decisions that have to be right | Hiring and succession against a defined population | Continuous monitoring and first-pass sizing |
These are complements, not substitutes, and the honest answer is that most mature talent functions run more than one. A platform licence gives you breadth and a trend line all year round. Commissioned research gives you a verified answer on the specific question that a board, an investment committee or a remuneration committee will interrogate.
Where we are unambiguously the wrong purchase: if you need continuous monitoring of a hundred markets at low cost, buy software. We will say so. Our full comparison is on the platforms and providers page, and the mapping side is covered on talent mapping in the US.
What talent intelligence costs in United States
Fixed project fees, scoped on the research rather than on the salary of a role.
| Engagement | What it covers | Typical fee | Typical duration |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single-decision intelligence brief | One question, one metro — for example “how deep is the ML engineering bench in Austin, and what does it cost against the Bay Area?” | $6,000–$15,000 | 3–4 weeks |
| Function or multi-metro study | A whole function across several metros, with competitor structure, total compensation and supply modeled side by side | $18,000–$45,000 | 5–8 weeks |
| Retained intelligence program | A standing US picture refreshed quarterly, with analyst access between refreshes | $60,000–$120,000 per year | Ongoing |
Compare that with a single retained US executive search at 30–33% of first-year total compensation, which on a $300,000 appointment exceeds $90,000 and produces one hire and no retained asset. Our US cost breakdown sets the comparison out line by line.
Every engagement is a fixed fee agreed in writing before work begins. There is no commission, no percentage of salary and no success fee on any service we sell, and the dataset is handed over permanently. The fee comparison calculator shows what that difference comes to against a contingency or retained search model.
US talent intelligence FAQs
What is talent intelligence in the US?
Talent intelligence in the US is primary research into American labor markets analyzed into evidence for a specific decision: how deep a qualified population is in a given metro, which employers hold it, what total compensation costs once equity and employer burden are counted, which locations trade supply against cost best, and how a named competitor’s function is structured.
It is commissioned research with a named analyst behind it, delivered as a written analysis plus the underlying dataset. It is not a software subscription and it is not a candidate shortlist.
Why does US talent intelligence have to be built metro by metro?
Because a national average is an average of populations that do not compete with each other. Pay for the same title can differ by more than fifty per cent between the Bay Area and the Midwest, and supply depth differs even more sharply in specialist functions. A plan built on a national median will be wrong in every individual market it touches.
We size and cost every population at metropolitan statistical area level, using Census and BLS definitions so the boundaries are reproducible and auditable.
Do your US compensation figures include equity?
Yes, and separating it out is the point. At senior technology and biotech levels, equity is frequently a larger component than base salary. We reconstruct total compensation — base, target bonus, equity grant value at a stated valuation assumption, vesting schedule and refresh pattern — and we publish the assumption rather than burying it in a single headline number.
We also model employer burden: FICA, unemployment insurance, workers’ compensation and the employer share of health premium, which vary by state and are routinely omitted from location business cases.
How do state pay transparency laws affect a project?
In two ways. They restrict what you may ask — several states and cities prohibit salary-history questions — and they increase what the market publishes, because posted ranges become a verifiable data source.
We scope research to the rules of each jurisdiction in play, use posted ranges as primary evidence, and flag where a client’s standard process would breach a local rule. The detail is set out state by state on our pay transparency guide.
Can you support a US site selection or location decision?
Yes, and it is one of the three most common US briefs. We size the qualified population in each candidate metro, measure competitor saturation, model fully-loaded cost including state-level burden, assess attrition and wage inflation pressure, test the university and in-migration pipeline, and report the risks in each option.
Because we are paid a fixed research fee rather than a placement fee or a site-selection incentive, we have no financial interest in which location wins the analysis.
How does talent intelligence differ from talent mapping in the US?
A US talent map identifies and profiles the individuals who could do a defined role. Talent intelligence informs the decision above it: whether to open the role, where to base the team, what to pay, and whether to build or buy the capability.
In practice most US engagements use both layers, with the map supplying the named population and the intelligence layer interpreting what it means.
What does talent intelligence cost in the US?
A single-decision brief covering one metro typically costs $6,000 to $15,000. A function-wide or multi-metro study typically costs $18,000 to $45,000. A retained program with quarterly refreshes typically runs $60,000 to $120,000 a year.
The fee is fixed in writing before work begins and is driven by scope rather than by the salary of any role. For comparison, a single retained US executive search at 30 to 33 per cent of first-year total compensation on a $300,000 role exceeds $90,000 and produces one hire and no retained asset.
Is a talent intelligence platform not cheaper than commissioned research?
Per seat, usually yes, and platforms are genuinely good at breadth, trend lines and a first pass at market size. What they cannot do is verify that a named competitor’s Seattle platform organization has four layers rather than six, or establish what three specific employers actually paid to close a staff-level hire last quarter.
Platform data is modeled from profiles and postings and inherits whatever is stale or self-reported in them. Most of our US clients run both. We compare the two models honestly on our platforms compared page.
How do you handle US privacy law?
By scoping to the jurisdictions actually in play. There is no single federal statute, but California’s CCPA as amended by the CPRA covers employee and applicant data and a growing number of states have comprehensive laws of their own.
We limit collection to professional information relevant to the agreed scope, record the source of every field, transfer deliverables securely and provide the methodology in writing where your counsel wants to review it before work begins.
Can you analyze a competitor's US workforce?
Yes. We reconstruct the function layer by layer: approximate headcount, reporting structure, metro distribution, which capabilities sit in-house versus outsourced or offshored, tenure and attrition patterns, where leavers go and where recent hires came from.
Everything is built from lawful sources and primary research into publicly observable professional information. We do not approach a competitor’s staff under a pretext.
Do you cover remote-first populations as well as metro markets?
Yes, and we size them separately because they are different markets. A remote-posted role draws from a national pool at a national price; a hybrid role in a named metro draws from a commute at a local price. We model both and show the trade-off, because in most location cases the difference between those two assumptions is the entire business case.
How quickly can you start?
Scoping normally takes a 30-minute call and a written scope document within two working days. Fieldwork starts as soon as the scope is signed. For urgent decisions we can run a compressed brief in two weeks, with the trade-off in depth stated up front rather than discovered later.
Who owns the data at the end?
You do, permanently. Every dataset, profile record and written analysis is handed over and is yours to keep, re-use, load into your own systems and refresh with anyone you choose. We do not resell client research and we do not retain it as part of a product.
Can we buy US research without a placement fee?
Yes. Every service is priced as a fixed project fee or an agreed day rate. There is no commission, no percentage of salary and no placement fee on any of it.
Primary sources and how we check
- Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS)US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS)US Bureau of Labor Statistics
- Employer Costs for Employee CompensationUS Bureau of Labor Statistics
- American Community SurveyUS Census Bureau
- Metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areasUS Census Bureau
- California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)California Office of the Attorney General
- H-1B employer data hubUS Citizenship and Immigration Services
Figures quoted on this page were checked against the sources above on 20 October 2026. Statutory rates, thresholds and quotas change: where a number drives a budget or a legal obligation, confirm it against the primary source before you rely on it.